When it comes to temporary or temporary protection of load-bearing structures, so walls, vault, ceilings, arcades and others, then in each case the method of securing should be based on the results of the diagnosis of the technical condition and the static-strength analysis.
Old walls and brick structures, like walls, pillars, poles, vaults, arcades, etc., in terms of static and endurance, they are often far from perfect, especially if they are not properly bound to other stable structures. Therefore, by proceeding to their protection or provisional strengthening, first of all, it is necessary to investigate the general conditions of the spatial equilibrium of the system. If the deformation or damage was caused by a violation of the static conditions, then each of the insubordinate links should be secured separately. In case of, when there is concern about the stability and strength of the main structure, the first step should be to install the necessary structures to stabilize the facility. Such structures should be sufficiently rigid and stable, so that they can work for the specified time needed both for carrying out detailed research and for organizing appropriate strengthening work. The type of stabilizing structures can be very diverse, e.g. they can be struts and trestles for supporting inclined or buckled walls, sharp itp., struts between the walls, ties and anchors
0 nieskomplikowanej konstrukcji dla przechwycenia rozporu łuków i sklepień, side pressure, as well as protecting against rotation of walls or their displacement. The way in which these or other structural elements are used depends on the degree of risk and the corresponding need for action
Leaning or curved walls are usually supported on this side, in the direction of which the deformation occurs. In high walls, if they are threatened with buckling or imbalance due to variable horizontal forces (e.g. due to wind pressure), both sides must be supported. High walls or free-standing columns must be treated separately.
If masonry components show deformation or damage, e.g. walls and columns are dangerously buckled, cracked, they have a disturbed cohesiveness of the structure, vaults and ceilings are bent or scratched, overload must be sought for reasons. In this case, the starting point should be to unload the elements, and then hooking up with supporting structures.
Relief of columns, pillars, parts of walls due to loads from ceilings or vaults, can be done in a long-known manner, namely with the help of wooden stamps set in such an amount, what is needed to absorb part of the overload. Stamps are usually set on foundations or appropriately selected pillows, the top of the stamp rests against the ceiling on tops or hoops. High provisional supports are strengthened with forceps, swords, and if necessary, with braces .
In special cases, if the cause of excessive deformation is the loads falling, e.g.. from the residual debris, partition walls added later, etc., but’ the distribution of this load adversely affects the stability and strength of the basic structural system, it is recommended to remove the rubble, and dismantle the redundant elements. This is where you should pay attention, that the removal of debris and other debris should be carried out with caution and under the supervision of a conservator, it happens often, that in the rubble there are various valuable elements of decor or the remains of works of art, which should be investigated and secured after discovery.