House and renovation
Investigation of the water conditions is necessary in all these cases, when the stability and durability of a historic object depends on the influence of hydrological phenomena prevailing in a given area.
Research into water conditions usually comes down to:
a) carrying out observations of the state of subcutaneous and groundwater …
Cracks in part of the wall (e.g. pillars, columns) vertical course in most cases can be caused by the breaking load, which crushes and splits its cross-section. Vertical lines across the entire height of the building or a significant portion thereof may be caused by separation from …
The construction inventory of a monument is a very important activity in research. Its preparation is especially important in these cases, when we do not have exhaustive data on the nature of the structural organism existing in the monument or when the available construction drawings raise doubts …
Man has a great influence on changes and distortions of historic buildings. From his actions, conscious or unaware of the value of the monument, original proportions are violated, harmony and beauty of the decor, as well as the logic and purposefulness of the structural system.
Many historic buildings, especially the laity, succumbed …
Fires are dangerous in the aftermath. Temperatures created by fire, even short-lived, they have a destructive effect on mortars and many natural stones, especially on limestone, dolomite, granite and sandstones. Because mineral materials are characterized by different resistance and fire resistance, under the action of fire …
Water in all its forms: couples, liquid and ice, it is the greatest and enemy of many materials and structures. Moisture, penetrating into materials, it triggers the mechanism that causes the harmful changes, as a result of physical processes, chemical or biological occurring frequently in relation to each other.
W …
Adaptation consists in adapting the reconstructed monument to purposes other than these, which he has served so far. In a technical sense, adaptation works are to improve the utility and functional values of the building, which can be manifested, inter alia, in the appropriate transformation of the interior (if they have no museum significance, …
Types of plasterboards:
• Normal construction plasterboards (GKB) – General purpose boards for interiors with a relative air humidity not exceeding 70%, with thicknesses 9,5 or 12,5 mm. You can make tukas from them, whose radius is not less than 60 …
Wood is often used to construct two-part ventilated flat roofs. Wooden roofs, both those with external drainage and those with internal drainage, they are most often constructed with the use of purlin-claw trusses or lattice trusses.
Claw-type purlin trusses
In flat roofs 8-12 …
Division of green roofs due to the intensity of greening:
• Ekstensywne – Low plants with low vegetation requirements, which can independently support and develop like steppe vegetation. They need occasional care and don't need to be watered. The advantage of an extensive roof is …