House and renovation
Terraces over utility rooms are usually made as full terrace roofs with a traditional arrangement of layers.
In a full terrace flat roof, the upper level of the construction board is lowered in relation to the upper level of the raw ceiling inside the building. This is due to the difference in …
The flat roofs can be equipped with two types of drainage:
• Odwodnienie zewnętrzne – Water is discharged through gutters located on the edge of the cornice or eaves and downspouts located outside the building.
• Internal drainage - Water drainage is carried out through drainage channels formed on the …
Vented flat roofs – It is a type of solid flat roofs, in which there is e.g.. perforated roofing felt underlay. Thanks to the perforations, the roofing felt enables the elimination of excess air and water vapor pressure, thus eliminating the blisters.
Ventilated flat roofs
• Kanalikowe
Over …
Conditions for ignition:
• Tlen – the surrounding air contains enough of it.
• Ciepło – ignition source (spark, open fire, high temperature).
• Materiał ulegający zapaleniu.
Enough, that only one of the above elements is missing, and a fire will not be possible. …
Expanded polystyrene is made of polystyrene, whose granules are expanded (swollen) pentane (pure hydrocarbon) as a foaming agent and heated by steam, what causes, that the pentane volatilizes and expands. A large amount of air is trapped in the pores of the polystyrene, thanks to …
Bucket membranes – High-density polyethylene pressed films are widely used in the installation of heavy insulation (the so-called. bucket ones), which, thanks to the embossing, do not fully adhere to the substrate. So free space created – air ventilation gap - allows moisture to escape …
Adhesives are used to permanently connect the surfaces of elements made of the same or different materials. The durability of the bonded joint is influenced by the forces of adhesion and cohesion. Adhesion is the interaction of the adhesive molecules and the glued element, ensuring adequate adhesion of the adhesive to …
The most commonly used modern wooden and wood-based products:
• Drewno klejone warstwowo – It is obtained by gluing a number of layers with parallel fibers arranged in this way, that the manufactured elements have a solid rectangular cross-section. We distinguish horizontally glued laminated timber (weld planes …
Natural building stone is obtained from rocks: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
Igneous rocks
• Deep sea rocks – They were created from magma cooling down at great depth. The individual components are in the form of crystals visible to the naked eye (granular-crystalline structure).
They belong to igneous rocks: granite, …
Lime is an air binder, obtained by burning limestone or dolomite limestones at a temperature of 950 do 1300°C. It is quicklime. After grinding, it is used in the production of cellular concrete and silicate bricks. Extinguishing (lasing) quicklime is manual …