Natural building stone is obtained from rocks: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
Igneous rocks
• Deep sea rocks – They were created from magma cooling down at great depth. The individual components are in the form of crystals visible to the naked eye (granular-crystalline structure).
They belong to igneous rocks: granite, genitals, diorite, gabro.
• Leaky rocks – They are made of quickly solidifying magma, in which the minerals did not have time to crystallize to form an amorphous mass or tiny crystals (glassy or hidden crystalline structure)
– older effluent rocks – porphyry, diabaz – when there are older crystals in the pouring out magma (pracrystals) this structure is called porphyry
– effusive rocks are younger – liparite, andesite, basalt (glassy structure)
Sedimentary rocks
Mechanical deposits – They are formed as a result of weathering the formerly formed igneous rocks.
• Mechanical weathering is the loosening of rock cohesion under the influence of temperature, freezing water, e.t.c.
• Chemical weathering is the effect of water, oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Windy products of rocks are carried by the water and settle to the bottom of water bodies
• Loose rocks – rock rubble, boulders, pebbles, gravel, sand
• Solid rocks – breccias (rock debris), conglomerates (clumped pebbles), sandstones – silica binders, calcareous, clay or irony.
Chemical deposits -Create mainly of supersaturated salt solutions (monomineral rocks) – salt, cast, anhydryt.
Organic deposits – They are made of the shells and skeletons of crustaceans (Calcium carbonate). They are most often monomineral rocks – kalcyt (Calcium carbonate), dolomite (calcium and magnesium carbonate), limestones, chalk, dolomites, margle.
Metamorphic rocks (transformed)
They arise from the effects of pressure and temperature, which changes their original structure and mineral composition
• Marble is made of limestones (the rock-forming mineral is calcite – Calcium carbonate).
• Serpentinites are formed from basic igneous rocks.
• Gneisses are formed from deep-sea igneous rocks.
• Quartzites are formed from silica binder sandstones.