The concept of the value of a monument is very complex. In fact, in every monument, regardless of type, meaning, age etc., there may be several of these values. Usually, historical criteria are taken into account when assessing value, aesthetic, decorative, structural, age, uniqueness, and also the impact …
Development of legal and social care over monuments
The protection of cultural goods in modern times is one of the basic duties of every state and its citizens. The nature and scope of obligations in the field of monument protection are defined by appropriate legal norms. The content of these standards (set, regulations, regulations etc.) it is developed individually in each country …
Evolution of conservation views and concepts
On the formation of views, The theory and technical methods of conservation have influenced the activities of many theorists and practitioners of various nations. These views changed in different periods of the history of conservation, depending on political conditions, ideological and economic.
In the initial period (to one …
Plank floor on wooden joists on a ribbed ceiling
The floor on the joists is an example of finishing the raw ceiling using the dry method. On the ceiling slab, on the tarpaulin straps, wooden squares are laid, in the direction perpendicular to the roof span. Soft thermal and acoustic insulation is distributed between the joists …
Protection of wooden ceilings
Acoustic insulation of ceilings
• The most popular and effective method of acoustic insulation of ceilings consists in making a floating floor, that is, a cement screed on a base of boards made of hydrophobized stone wool or polystyrene.
To increase the impact sound insulation, slabs can be used …
Ceilings in buildings with a wooden frame structure
The ceilings in frame buildings are made of thick boards 38 mm and height 140,184,235 or 286 mm, spaced apart 30,40 or 60 cm. The sheathing, most often made of thick plywood, is an integral part of the ceiling structure 19 mm or from the board …
Wooden beam ceilings
There is a wooden beam ceiling – especially in private housing construction – an interesting alternative to heavy concrete ceilings. Economic span of beams in the wooden ceiling, counted in the light of the walls, should not exceed 6,00 m. The axial spacing of the floor beams is 60-90 cm. Maximum …
Ceramic rib-and-slab ceiling of the FERT type
Different types of rib-and-slab floors consist of similar elements: prefabricated beams and filling the space between the beams of hollow bricks. A concrete slab with a layer of concrete overlay above the hollow bricks is poured over the laid ceiling, forming load-bearing ribs along the beams. Most of the ribbed ceilings available on the market …
Ribbed ceilings
Rib-and-slab ceilings are ceilings, in which the load-bearing elements (carrying loads) there are prefabricated beams with an axial distance not exceeding 90 cm (in most of the available ceilings, the beam spacing is denser and ranges from 40 do 60 cm). Ceiling beams are most often stretched …
Monolithic reinforced concrete ceilings
Monolithic, reinforced concrete slab ceilings are flat ceilings, concreted at the construction site. In residential construction, such ceilings are often used as a supplement to rib-and-slab ceilings in small rooms, bathrooms, kitchens, in staircases, etc..
Depending on the width and length of the floor slab …