Category: Architecture

Early Christian and Byzantine architecture

First Christians in Italy had to practice their religion in underground catacombs carved into solid rock. The most famous are the catacombs in Rome, but other impressive ensembles can be seen in Naples and Syracuse. Once Christianity was legalized and recognized …

Architecture of Italy – THE ROMAN PERIOD

In architecture, as in many other areas. The Romans borrowed and adapted Greek patterns. However, as with other art forms, their views on construction differ greatly, especially in favoring order and functionality over …

While the architecture of Italy was not as invariably influential as painting and sculpture, however, it is the country that boasts an outstanding heritage of historic buildings, an almost uninterrupted tradition reaching over 2500 years back. Just like in other arts, in all major periods …

Attic with a roof truss based on the external one, brick knee wall.

In new residential buildings, the attic usually has a designed brick wall to raise the roof truss.. This allows the entire floor area to be used for utility purposes.

Due to the expansion forces transferred …

The horizontal waterproofing of the balcony slab should be folded up onto the wall 30 cm (range of splashing rainwater) and finished with a pedestal made of ceramic tiles. In the case of a balcony without a roof, it is also recommended to raise the balcony door threshold to the height 1 degree, …

Principles of exterior design, a non-load-bearing curtain wall in front of the load-bearing inner wall:

• Only the thickness of the inner layer should be taken as the thickness of the structural wall.

• The minimum thickness of the external facing wall is 90 mm (thinner layers are considered cladding and separate …

Materials, the walls are made of, so stones, brick and mortar, they absorb moisture and water easily. This process is faster, the more hygroscopic structure of the walls and the less effective the method of securing the wall against water penetration and …

When cutting metal sheets, do not use devices that heat up the cut sheets, e.g. angle grinders, however, the use of hand tools or specialized equipment is recommended (like for example. the so-called. niblers or jigsaws). During installation of varnished trapezoidal sheets, the filings formed by the …

Depending on local conditions, the following may be considered as security measures for buildings erected on land with anomalous features:

1. Zastosowanie stabilizacji samego gruntu, in particular, the introduction of measures to maintain a specific humidity regime in the active zone of the soil and …

The methods of stabilizing a given system or structural system depend primarily on the nature of the damage. In principle, the inhibition of rotation processes and the fusion of load cells can be achieved by three methods:

— by introducing reinforcements that do not violate the basic static scheme of the system,
- with an introduction …